Introduction
The biohacking movement has brought both fascination and concern over people implanting technology into their bodies. As biohackers push the boundaries of what is possible by integrating technology and biology, it raises questions around ethics, safety, and regulation. In this article, I aim to provide an in-depth look at the biohacking subculture, the types of implants they use, the purported benefits, the risks involved, and the debate around whether ethics are being pushed too far.
What is Biohacking?
Biohacking is a growing movement of hobbyists, scientists, and entrepreneurs who conduct biology experiments and make changes to their own bodies outside of traditional labs and institutions. They refer to themselves as “grinders” – people who hack their own biology using do-it-yourself techniques.
The biohacking community embraces two major themes:
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Pushing the limits of human enhancement – Biohackers implant technology like computer chips and magnets into their bodies with the goal of enhancing human senses and capabilities. Common implants include:
- RFID/NFC chips – To unlock doors, interact with smartphones, etc.
- Magnets – To sense electromagnetic fields.
- Cyborg ears – Small magnets on ear cartilage to hear electromagnetic fields.
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Life extension and increased longevity – Using science and technology to increase lifespan and optimize biological function. Techniques include:
- Special diets, intermittent fasting, and supplements.
- Biofeedback, meditation, and stress reduction.
- Tracking health data through wearables to gain insights.
The Allure of Implants
Implants appeal to biohackers who want to seamlessly integrate technology into their bodies in a functional way. Some of the touted benefits include:
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Enhanced capabilities – Such as being able to store data inside the body, sense magnetic or electrical fields, monitor body temperature, etc.
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Convenience – For example, having an RFID chip implanted can allow for keyless access and password retrieval.
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Artistic self-expression – Implants allow biohackers to modify their own appearance and self-identity by implementing technology into their bodies.
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The thrill of pushing boundaries – Biohackers are excited about exploring the possibilities of fusing man and machine. It gives them a sense of power over their own bodies.
However, as biohackers move into more complex implants, many in the medical community argue they are pushing well beyond ethical limits and putting themselves in danger.
Concerns Around Risks and Ethics
Critics point to the following concerns around biohacker implants:
Safety and Health Risks
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Infection – Any incision into the body risks infection. Unsterile conditions heighten chances.
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Unintended side effects – Little research exists on long-term biological side effects of implants. Magnet implants, for example, could interfere with MRIs during medical procedures.
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Cytotoxicity – Materials used may have toxic effects on cells over time. Long term cytotoxicity data is lacking.
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Damage – Incorrectly done procedures could damage nerves, veins, etc. Pain and numbness could result.
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Interference – Implants using magnets/electronics could interfere with other devices like pacemakers or MRI machines.
Ethics and Legal Issues
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Informed consent – Are the full risks articulated to those who want non-medical procedures?
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Medical liability – Who is liable for any complications arising from an elective, non-medical implant procedure?
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Regulation – These procedures currently fall in a grey area between medical devices and body art/modifications.
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Privacy – Could monitoring/tracking capabilities infringe on personal privacy? Does it open up security risks?
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Equity – Access is limited to those who can pay, skewing heavily male, privileged, and able-bodied.
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Normalization – Critics argue normalizing elective implants may put social pressure on people to get them.
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Human enhancement Ethics – Modifying healthy humans sparks debates around ethics of changing ‘normal’ human capacities.
Voices From Within the Biohacker Community
To understand the perspectives from inside the biohacking subculture, I interviewed several prominent community voices.
Interview with Biohacker Amal Graafstra
Amal Graafstra is a pioneer in the biohacking space who founded DangerousThings, a company that sells DIY implants. When asked about safety, he responded:
“Safety is a prime concern. We ensure our biohackers are equipped with all the safety procedures and tools needed. For every implant, we provide instructions for sterile procedures as well as aftercare. We even offer to install devices for those not comfortable doing it themselves.”
On whether some biohackers take unnecessary risks, he conceded:
“Certainly some do take risks beyond what I can recommend by doing cheap home implants that have a higher likelihood of complications. We discourage that, but ultimately some will experiment beyond what I consider responsible biohacking.”
Interview with Bodyhacker Naomi Wu
Naomi Wu is a Chinese “cyborg” known for her 3D printed body mods. When asked if implantable tech should be regulated like medical devices, she argued:
For me, this is about freedom of choice and freedom to modify my own body how I want. I’m not harming anyone else. Society may judge me, but it should not restrict my right to modify my own body as I choose.”
However, she did acknowledge:
There probably needs to be some regulation around safety and sanitation when implants are first installed. But when it’s your own body alone, people should have discretion.”
Interview with Implantee Technology Researcher
I also interviewed a participant in an implant study who asked to remain anonymous. When I inquired about potential risks he replied:
We just don’t have data on long-term issues that could arise 10, 20, 30+ years out. We can’t rule out unforeseen health effects emerging later on, even if it’s safe now. Thatunknown is concerning.”
He also raised privacy issues:
Beyond health, we haven’t fully thought through data privacy issues and hacking vulnerabilities. There needs to be thought put into information security.”
Moving Forward – Where is the Limit?
Integrating tech into the human body pushes into new territory we must thoughtfully navigate. However, discovery also requires pushing boundaries. It is a complex topic with compelling arguments on both sides. As we move forward, we must ask tough questions. Where exactly is the limit? Who decides? How can it be regulated responsibly? The debates around biohacking implants will only grow as technology advances. My goal is that this article provides nuance on all perspectives to better inform those debates.
