IoT Device Security: Lessons Learned

The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought many new connected devices into our homes and workplaces. Unfortunately, security is often an afterthought in IoT devices, leaving them vulnerable to attacks. As an IoT device user and enthusiast, I’ve learned important lessons about IoT security the hard way. Here are some of the key takeaways to keep your IoT devices and data safe.

Research Security Before Purchase

Before purchasing an IoT device, research the security features and protocols. I’ve made the mistake of buying gadgets like security cameras and smart locks without digging into their security first. Some questions to ask:

• Does it use encryption for data transfers and storage? Look for SSL/TLS encryption for data in transit and disk encryption for stored data.

• How are software/firmware updates handled? Automatic security updates are ideal to get patches for vulnerabilities quickly.

• Does it offer two-factor authentication (2FA) for account access? 2FA adds an extra layer of security beyond just passwords.

• Does the vendor have a public vulnerability disclosure program or bug bounty program? This indicates they take security seriously.

• Does the device connect only to the vendors’ cloud servers, or allow local control as well? Cloud reliance can be risky if the vendor goes out of business.

Isolate IoT Devices on Their Own Network Segment

One security mistake I made was connecting all my IoT devices to my primary home network. This created a large attack surface. Instead, I now isolate IoT devices on their own network segment via a separate SSID and VLAN. This network firewalls off the IoT devices from my primary computers and servers.

Benefits include:

• Limiting access of IoT devices to sensitive info on primary network
• Preventing IoT malware from affecting core network
• Easier monitoring of IoT device traffic

Update Firmware and Software Frequently

One of the most important lessons I’ve learned is to stay on top of firmware and software updates for IoT devices. Vendors often release security patch updates – but you have to manually install them. When I’ve been lazy and postponed updates, I’ve regretted it.

Tips for staying updated:

• Enable automatic background updates whenever possible
• Periodically check the vendor site for latest firmware
• Subscribe to vendor newsletters/alerts about new updates
• Avoid discontinued legacy devices that no longer get updates

Use Strong Passwords and Multifactor Authentication

Since most IoT devices have web or mobile app control panels, it’s crucial to lock down account access. I always use strong randomized passwords and enable multifactor authentication (MFA) if available. Simple or default passwords are an invitation for attackers to take over your devices.

Other password tips:

• Don’t reuse passwords between devices
• Change default passwords immediately
• Consider password manager use for tracking passwords

Monitor Connections and Review Logs

While it takes some time and effort, monitoring device traffic and logs has helped me detect suspicious activity. For example, seeing login attempts from foreign IP addresses indicated compromised credentials. Unexpected traffic spikes have revealed malware or mining infections.

Use firewall, router, and device logs to:

• Spot signs of compromise like foreign IPs
• Verify firmware update installs
• Check which servers/sites devices are connecting to

Apply Physical Security Controls

Don’t overlook physical security when it comes to IoT. I’ve learned the hard way that any device with USB or ethernet ports could allow attackers easy access if stolen. When I leave devices like security cameras or smart hubs unattended, I now physically lock or disable ports if possible.

Other suggestions:

• Mount/place devices out of easy physical reach
• Lock down USB ports with glue or other means
• Use cables locks and other theft deterrence

In summary, IoT device security requires vigilance – research devices before purchase, isolate them on networks, apply software/firmware patching, use strong credentials, monitor traffic, and employ physical controls. Taking these steps has drastically improved my IoT security posture. The least secure IoT device can put your entire network and data at risk, so staying on top of each device’s protections is essential.